BP105T • Unit 2Topic 2 of 2⏱ 5 Min Read

2. Chemical, Pharmacological & Chemotaxonomical Classification Schemes

💡 Core Concept & Clinical Context:

In the Chemical Classification, crude drugs are categorized based on their primary active secondary metabolite class (Alkaloids, Glycosides, Tannins, Volatile oils, Lipids, Carbohydrates). In the Pharmacological / Therapeutic Classification, drugs are grouped according to their predominant clinical therapeutic action (e.g. Cardiotonics, Purgatives, Antihypertensives). Chemotaxonomy correlates chemical phytoconstituents with botanical plant families (e.g., Tropane alkaloids in Solanaceae, Umbelliferous volatile oils in Apiaceae).

Clinical Scenarios & Pharmacopoeial Examples:

1Chemical Classification of Major Natural Drug Classes

Grouping drugs by active phytochemical scaffold.

Step-by-Step Breakdown:

•1. Alkaloids:

•• Tropane: Belladonna (Atropine), Datura, Hyoscyamus.

•• Quinoline: Cinchona (Quinine, Quinidine).

•• Isoquinoline: Opium (Morphine, Codeine), Ipecac (Emetine).

•• Indole: Rauwolfia (Reserpine), Ergot (Ergotamine), Vinca (Vincristine, Vinblastine).

•• Purine: Tea (Theophylline), Coffee (Caffeine).

•2. Glycosides:

•• Anthraquinone: Senna (Sennoside A/B), Aloe (Aloin), Rhubarb.

•• Cardiac: Digitalis (Digitoxin, Digoxin), Strophanthus (Ouabain).

•• Saponin: Dioscorea (Diosgenin), Glycyrrhiza (Glycyrrhizin), Senega.

•• Flavonoid: Rutin, Citrus bioflavonoids, Ginkgo biloba.

•3. Tannins: Pale catechu, Black catechu, Tannic acid, Ashoka bark.

•4. Volatile Oils: Peppermint (Menthol), Clove (Eugenol), Eucalyptus (Cineole).

📋Key Takeaways & Exam Highlights

Chemical Scheme Merit: Pharmacologically meaningful because chemical structure dictates therapeutic activity and assay method.
Pharmacological Scheme Merit: Directly useful for clinicians and pharmacists prescribing by medical indication.
Chemotaxonomy: Uses presence of specific biomarkers (e.g., Betalains vs Anthocyanins) to establish phylogenetic evolutionary lineage.

🇮🇳 हिन्दी व्याख्या (2. Chemical, Pharmacological & Chemotaxonomical Classification Schemes)

केमिकल वर्गीकरण में दवाओं को उनके रासायनिक संघटक जैसे अल्कलॉइड (Vinca, Rauwolfia), ग्लाइकोसाइड (Digitalis, Senna), और वोलेटाइल ऑयल (Clove) के आधार पर बांटा जाता है।